CMR DOCUMTEN
The CMR transport document is an international consignment note used by drivers, operators and forwarders alike that govern the responsibilities and liabilities of the parties to a contract for the carriage of goods by road internationally.
The carrier usually completes the form, but the sender – in other words, the exporter – is responsible for the accuracy of the information and must sign the form when the goods are collected. The consignee will also sign the form on delivery, which is essential for the carrier to be able to confirm the delivery of the goods and to justify the payment for its services.
The CMR transport document is not a document of title and is, therefore, non-negotiable.
BILL OF LADING B/L
A Bill of Lading B/L is a document issued by the agent of a carrier to a shipper, signed by the captain, agent, or owner of a vessel, furnishing written evidence regarding receipt of the goods (cargo), the conditions on which transportation is made (contract of carriage), and the engagement to deliver goods at the prescribed port of destination to the lawful holder of the bill of lading.
A Bill of Lading is, therefore, both a receipt for merchandise and a contract to deliver it as freight. There are a number of different types of bills of lading and a number of regulations that relate to them as a group of transport documents.
Since this is a negotiable instrument, the Bill of Lading may be endorsed and transferred to a third party while the goods are in transit.
This document is prepared by the shipping and addressed to the exporter, the shipping company trough the agent, and the importer.
AIR WAYBILL AWB
An Air Waybill AWB is a non-negotiable transport document covering transport of cargo from airport to airport.
The Air Waybill must name a consignee (who can be the buyer), and it should not be required to be issued “to order” and/or “to be endorsed” as it is not a title of property of the merchandise. Since it is not negotiable, and it does not evidence title to the goods, in order to maintain some control of goods not paid for by cash in advance, sellers often consign air shipments to their sales agents or freight forwarders’ agents in the buyer’s country.
The Air Waybill is not a negotiable document. It indicates only acceptance of goods for carriage.
This document is prepared by the IATA Transport Agent or the airline itself and is addressed to the exporter, the airline, and the importer.
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